Abstract

Range and patterns of movement estimation is a crucial concern for clinicians in the diagnostic and functional assessment of patients with musculoskeletal disorder. To obtain a record of the degree of permanent impairment of an individual, Range-Of-Motion (ROM) measures are used. Currently, clinicians use all or any of numerous assessment instruments, a universal goniometer, an inclinometer or a tape measure to make these estimations. However, such tools appear to have major drawbacks in measuring ROM. Markerless vision-based human motion analysis can provide an inexpensive, non-obtrusive solution for range of joint motion measurement. This paper outlines the problem of measuring human joints movements using a computer vision system that supports the physiotherapist as a diagnosis tool to aid rehabilitation of joint movement disorders and its treatment plan.

References

• AnkurAgarwal, Bill Triggs, "Tracking articulated motion using a mixture of autoregressive models", in: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV'04), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3 (3024), May 2004, pp. 54–65.
• AnkurAgarwal, Bill Triggs, "A local basis representation for estimating human pose from cluttered images", in: Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV'06)—Part 1, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3851, January 2006, pp. 50–59.
• AnkurAgarwal, Bill Triggs, "Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 28 no. 1, January 2006, pp. 44-58.
• Jake K. Aggarwal, Qin Cai, "Human motion analysis: a review, Computer Vision and Image Understanding" Vol. 73, No. 3, March 1999, pp. 428-440.
• Park, W. , "Data-Based Human Motion Simulation", in Handbook of Digital Human Modelling, Taylor & Francis Group,LLC, 2009, p. 9.
• Abdel-Malek, K. , and Arora, J. (2009), "Physics-Based Digital Human Modeling:Predictive Dynamics," in Handbook of Digital Human Modelling, ed. V. G. Duffy.
• S. Biswas, M. Quwaider, "Body posture identification using Hidden Markov Model with wearable sensor networks", International Conference on Body Area Networks, March 2008, pp. 52-59.
• H. Y. Lau, K. Y. Tong, H. Zhu, "Support vector machine for classification of walking condition using miniature kinematic sensors", Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , Vol. 46, No. 6,June 2008, pp. 563-573.
• H Zhou and H. Hu, "A survey - human movement tracking and stroke rehabilitation", Technical Report CSM-420, ISSN1744-8050, University of Essex, 2004.
• Farrell, K. and Marler, R. T. , 2004, "Optimization-based kinematic models for human posture", SAE Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering (June 14-16, 2005), Iowa City, IA.
• Computer aided kinematics and dynamics of mechanical systems, by E. J. Haug, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1989.
• Dariu M. Gavrila, "The visual analysis of human movement: A survey", Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 73, nr. 1, 1999, pp. 82-98.
• Thomas B. Moeslund, Erik Granum, "A survey of computer vision-based human motion capture", Computer Vision and Image Understanding Vol. 104 No. 2, November 2006, pp. 90-126.
• Thomas B. Moeslund, Adrian Hilton, Volker Kru¨ger, A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 104 No. 2, Nov. 2006, pp. 90-126.
• Liang Wang, Weiming Hu, Tieniu Tan, "Recent developments in human motion analysis", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2003, pp. 585-601.
• Jessica J. Wang, Sameer Singh, "Video analysis of human dynamics: a survey", Real-Time Imaging,Vol. 9 No. 5, 2003, pp. 321–346.
• Ausejo, S. , and Wang, X. (2009), "Motion Capture and Human Motion Reconstruction," in Handbook of Digital Human Modeling, ed. V. Duffy.
• Goussous, F. , Bhatt, R. , Dasgupta, S. , and Abdel-Malek, K. , "Model Predictive Control for Human Motion Simulation", doi:10. 4271/2009-01-2306.
• Silva, M. , Abe, Y. , and Popovic, J. , "Simulation of Human Motion Data Using Short-Horizon Model Predictive Control", ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2008, Vol. 27 Issue 3, August 2008, Article No. 82.
• Cohen, M. F. , "Interactive spacetime control for animation", Computer Graphics, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1992.
• Xiang, Y. , Chung, H. -J. , Kim, J. , Bhatt, R. , Rahamatalla, S. , Yang, J. , Marler, T. , Arora, J. , and Abdel-Malek, K. , "Predictive Dynamics: An Optimization-Based Novel Approach for Human Motion Simulation", Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, Vol. 41, No. 3, Aug 2009.
• Shao, W. and Ng-Thow-Hing, V. , 2003, "A general joint component framework for realistic articulation in human characters" In Proceedings of the 2003 Symposium on interactive 3D Graphics, April 27-30, 2003), New York, NY, pp. 11-18.
• Rahmatalla, S. , Xiang, Y. , Smith, R. , Li, J. , Meusch, J. , Bhatt, R. , Swan, C. , Arora, J. , and Abdel-Malek, K. (2008), "A Validation Protocol for Predictive Human Location," 2008 SAE International.
• K. D. Nguyen, I. M. Chen, Z. Luo, S. H. Yeo, H. L. Duh, "A wearable sensing system for tracking and monitoring of functional arm movement", IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. PP, No. 99, Feb. 2010, pp. 1-8.
• K. Lorincz, B. Chen, G. W. Challen, A. R. Chowdhury, S. Patel, P. Bonato, M. Welsh, "Mercury: A wearable sensor network platform for high-fidelity motion analysis", Embedded Networked Sensor Systems Conf. (SenSys'09), 4-6 November 2009.
• Mark Hall, Eibe Frank, Geoffrey Holmes, Bernhard Pfahringer, Peter Reutemann, Ian H. Witten, "The WEKA Data Mining Software: An Update; SIGKDD Explorations, Vol. 11, No. 1,2009, pp. 10-18.
• Jerome Vignola, Jean-François Lalonde and Robert Bergevin,"Progressive Human Skeleton Fitting". Proceedings of 16th Conference, Vision Interface, 2003.
• Chen, C. , Zhuang, Y. T. and Xiao, J. (2006) "Towards robust 3D reconstruction of human motion from monocular video", Proceedings of ICAT, LNCS, Hangzhou, Vol. 4282, pp. 594-603.
• Kirkpatrick, S. ; Gelatt, C. D. ; Vecchi, M. P. "Optimization by Simulated Annealing". Science, New Series, Vol. 220, No. 4598. (May 13, 1983), pp. 671-680.
• ?erný, V. "Thermodynamical approach to the traveling salesman problem: An efficient simulation algorithm", Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications,1985, 45:41–51, doi:10. 1007/BF00940812.
• Metropolis, Nicholas; Rosenbluth, Arianna W. ; Rosenbluth, Marshall N. ; Teller, Augusta H. ; Teller, Edward, "Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines", The Journal of Chemical Physics,Vol. 21,No. 6, 1953,pp. 1087.
• A. Ude, "Robust estimation of human body kinematics from video," in IROS'99, 1999, pp. 1489–1494.
• Ayoub, M. M. and Lin, C. J. , "Biomechanics of manual material handling through simulation: Computational aspects. ", Computers and Industrial Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1,1995,pp. 427-431.
• Phillips, C. B. , Zhao, J. , and Badler, N. , 1990, "Interactive real-time articulated figure manipulation using multiple kinematic constraints", ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 245-250.
• Zhao, J. and Badler, N. I. , 1994, "Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures", ACM Trans. Graph. , Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 313-336.
• Emily Horn, "Optimization-Based Dynamic Human Motion Prediction", University of Iowa, December 2005, (MS Thesis).
• Hyun-joon Chung,"Optimization-based dynamic prediction of 3D human running",Theses and Dissertations(2009), University of Iowa.
• Grochow, K. , Martin, S. L. , Hertzmann, A. , and Popovi?, Z. , 2004, "Style-based inverse kinematics", ACM Transactions on Graphics, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 522-531.
• Mi, Z. , Yang, J. , and Abdel-Malek, K. , 2002, "Real-time inverse kinematics for humans," Proceedings of 2002 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences (September 29-October 2, 2002), Montreal, Canada.
• Tolani, D. , Goswami, A. , and Badler, N. , 2000, "Real-time inverse kinematics techniques for anthropomorphic limbs", Graphical Models, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 353-388.
• Beck, D. J. and Chaffin, D. B. , 1992, "An evaluation of inverse kinematics models for posture prediction", Computer Applications in Ergonomics, Occupational Safety and Health, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 329-336.
• SerdarKucuk, ZaferBingul,"Robot Kinematics: Forward and Inverse Kinematics",Industrial Robotics Theory Modelling& Control,2006, ISBN:3-86611-285-8
• Xiang, Y. , Arora, J. , and Abdel-Malek, K. , "OptimizationBased Motion Prediction of Mechanical Systems: Sensitivity Analysis", Structural And Multidisciplinary Optimization, Vol. 37, No. 6, 2007, pp. 595-608.
• TanmayPawar, SubhasisChaudhuri, Siddhartha P. Duttagupta, "Body movement activity recognition for ambulatory cardiac monitoring", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 54, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 874-882.
• Abdel-Malek, K. , Yu, W. , Jaber, M. , and Duncan, J. , "Realistic Posture Prediction for Maximum Dexterity", SAE Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems, Vol. 110, Section 6, 2002, pp. 2241-2249.
• V. Krovi, V. Kumar, G. K. Ananthasuresh, and J. M. Vezien, "Design and virtual prototyping of rehabilitation aids", Journal of Mechanical Design, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 121, No. 3, pp. 456–458, 1999.